Manufacture of pipe-fittings



` i P. R YOUNGS. l y MANUFAGTURBOPVPIPBPITTINGS. i No. 354,879. Patented Deo. 21,1886.

c Vf S \\\\\\Mmm\\\\\\\\\\ UNITED, STATES PATENT' OFFICE.

FRED E. YoUNGs, or ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE oF PIPE-FITTiNGs.

S'IPECLIPICATION' forming part of Letters Patent N0. 354,879, dated December 21, 1886.

Application filed April 10, 1886. Serial No. 198,429. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, FRED E. YOUNGS, 0f Allegheny, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufac` ture of Pi pe-Fittings; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specifica-tion.

My invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture ofpipe-fttings; and it consists, first, in an apparatus for formi-ng openings or Ts in pipes, a`cone provided with a l cess to receive the lthe cone throughy the i `into operation. Figs.

ridge and attened sides, in combination with the rod connected thereto, and a means for drawing the cone through the side of the second,in.the combination of a mandrel, which is placed in the pipe and provided with al re cone, with the cone and the rod connected thereto; third, in the process of heating the pipe aroundthe hole made therein and then chilling portions previous to drawing opening, all of which will be more fully describedhereinafter.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus f or making side openings, Ts, crosses, &c., -in metal pipes, and 'in which the pressure of the cone is iirst brought to bear at right angles to the length of the pipe in contradistinction to bringing the pressure to bear at all points alike, as is done where a round cone is used in making openings through fiat surfaces.

Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of an apparatus embodying my invention, taken at right angles to each other, and showing the pipe as it appears whilev the cone fis being drawn-up through fits side. Fig.l 3 is a plan View of theA pipe being operated upon by the cone, and showing the shape the opening assnmes before the sides of the cone are brought 4 and 5 are detail views of the cone by itself. Fig. 6 shows approximately the shape of the throughthe side of the pipe in the'rst instance.l Fig. 7 showsa section of a pipe having a side opening orT after it is finished.

pipe of suitable length and diameter, and through the side or sides pipe; Y

opening which is made of which any suitable number f openings or Ts B are to be made. At those points where the Ts or openings are to bel made are elliptical openings C, ass-shown in Fig. 6, and through which the rod D is to be passed in order to make the connection with the cone F. This cone F is placed in a recess, G, which is formed in the side of a suitable mandrel, H, lwhich is placed inside of the pipe for the purpose of supporting the metal of the pipe while it is being acted upon by the cone E for the iit snugly the bore of the pipe, so when the' strain of the cone is brought to bear upon the metal it cannot buckle, bend, or get out of shape in any manner, as it is liable to do if no mandrel were used. The mandrel carrying the cone F is inserted into the pipe until the opening in the cone comes just opposite the opening C in the pipe, when the rod D is inserted through the pipe into the cone and is connected thereto in any suitable manner. As this cone is intended to be used only in a certain relation to'the pipe, the cone is held in the mandrel H so that it cannot turn around in the opening and thus get out of posit-ion.

Where circular openings'are to be made through flat surfaces, as in boiler-heads, acir cular cone is necessary, and a round hole is made 4through the flat surface, so that lthecone will act equally upon all parts of the metal at with a pipe for the purpose ot' forming a T, the sides of the cone come in Contact with the sides of the opening in the pipe and chill that portion of the metal which is in a line at right angles to the pipe to such an extent that it will stretch much less the metal which are at the ing C and in aline with the length of the pipe, and where the strainl upon the vmetal is naturally the greatest; The consequence is that those portions of the metal which are at the zends of the opening C, being much hotter than those portions at the sides of the opening, and being naturallysubjected to' a greater strain, become drawn out so thi n as to be either practically worthlessA or liable to crack or break.

that on the sides isbecause tliemetal on the once. If a round cone is used in connection The reason Why'the metalat thev ends of the opening C is stretched to a greater extent than purpose of-forming a T. This mandrel must v than those portions of 9o ends of the open- IOO sides vof the opening has 4only-to 'be straightened out from the curve of the pipe to a vertical line tangent to the sides of the pipe, in

Y-that the metal on'the sides of the opening is moved, and thus causing the stretch to come upon that portion of the metal which is turned at the ends of the opening.- In order to prevent this unequal stretch of the metal, and to form the T perfectly at all points, the cone F has a ridge or bearing-surface, I, extending' across its top from side to side, and then the sides of thecone on each side of this ridge are flattened or cut away, as shown in` Figs. 1, 4, and 5, so that the metal vat the endsof the opening C will not be brought in contact with the cut-away sides of the cone until the cone has been forced partially outward `through the side of the pipe. Vhen the first strain is brought to bear upon the side of thepipe,the ridge I is standing at right angles both t0 thev length of the pipe 'and to the lengt-h of the opening C, as shown in Fig. 3. As the cone continues to be forced through the metal ythe shape of the opening C changes from an ellipse parallel with the length of the pipe to an ellipse at right angles tothelength of the pipe, as shown in Fig. 3. Theridge Iupon the cone serves to divide the stretch of the metal equally ,between its "two bearing-,surfaces, instead of bringing the whole stretchfof th'e metal at the .two ends of the ellipse inaline with thelengthv ofthe pipe. As the'lcone` continues to be drawn onV through the side of the pipe the' sides of the cone are brough-tin contact with the sides of theopening, and the metal is then forced equally outward at all points alike. The ridgesI do not subside into the cone until the -circular lower portion is reached, and hence the ridges continue toI stretch the metal to a slightly greaterdegree at each of its ends until the round portiolrof the cone at itssides comes in contact with the metal, and then a perfectly round opening is produced.

-Ateach side of the ridgel the cone is slightly hollowed out,asshown in Figs. 4 and 5, so that the stretch of the metal at those points where it would otherwisebe thickest is effected, and

thus the sides of the T are madeof nearly uniform thickness. In all cases the metal around the opening G is heated in any suitable manner and to any desired extent, so as to make the operation of forcing the cone through the metal as easy as possible. In thbse'cases where the ridges I upon the cone F do not completely ecct' the desired result the metal around the opening C is either unequally heated, or else is equally heated, and then' those portions of the metal at the ends of the opening Q previous to the operation are chi1led\t o any desired extent, so as to make the metal tougher at these two points than upon the sides, and thus prevent such an the' turned up parts to be too thin for practicalA use.

The chilling of the metal may be effected by placing any cold piece of metal or dropping a few drops of water on thoseparts which are to be chilled.

The pipe while being acted upon rests in a lsuitable block or frame, L, and is held down in position by means of a second block or frame, N, which is made concaved so asto correspond to the shape of the pipe. The rod D, Whichis connected in any suitable manner to the cone F, is to be operated by any suitable A screw-thread is here shown; but the outer end of the rod will 'be connected in any wellknown manner with hydraulic pressure, or other suitable power. This rodpasses down and through the side of the pipe into the cone, as shown in Figs. 1 and`2. i

be applied to forming a T on a curved plate, and then this curved flanged plate may be applied directly to a pipe or main and fastened thereto in any suitable manner. A hole of suitable size must then be bored through the `main so as to correspond to the, opening in the curved plate. If the Twere made'npon` a not be made to fit the pipe sofas to form a tight joint.

Having `thus described my invention, I claimis made therein and thenv chilling portions previous to the operation of' drawing the cone' tion, substantiallyas set forth. In testimony whereof Iaix my presence of two'witnesses.

I FRED E. -YOUNGS signature in Witnesses: F. A. LEHMANN, A. W. -BREcnn through the opening in the upper frame, N,

If desired, the above-described process may means 'of which t-he cone is drawn through the n side of the pipe, substantially as specified.A 3. ,lhe process herein described of heating the metal of t-he pipe around the opening which4 through the side of the, pipe at the heatedporamount of stretching at the ends as will cause mechanism which will answer for the purpose;

flat plate' and then this flat plate bent, it could IOO 1. In an apparatus for forming openings orV les,

xic- 

